1.
Uterine Microbial Flora Of Sahiwal Cattle During Oestrus And Its Relayionship With Pregnancy Rate
by Habib- Ur- Rehman | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Ali Ahmad Sheikh | Prof. Dr. Nasim.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: In the present study uterine microbial flora of Sahiwal cattle during oestrus and its relationship with pregnancy rate was determined. According to the results a total of 11 bacterial species were isolated from 50 uterine samples of estrus Sahiwal cattle, maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute (LPRI), Bahardur Nagar, district Okara, Punjab province, Pakistan. The isolates include E. coli, Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Citrobacter diversus, Salmonella spp., Proteus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. Tabulation of results showed that prevalence of these isolates was different among pregnant and non-pregnant animals. Moreover, E .coli, Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Citrobacter diversus are found to be thriving in uterus as normal microbial flora, whereas, Streptococcus spp. isolate as abnormal microbial flora appearing to be having some role in decreasing pregnancy rate. While, Pseudomonas spp., Corynebacterium spp. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella spp., and Proteus spp. Isolates could not be differentiable as normal and abnormal uterine microbial flora due to insignificant available data. Furthermore, complete blood counts of 50 blood samples of these same animals indicated that those animals harboring isolates like Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Corynebacterium spp. in their uterus, had more likelihood of abnormally increased value of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) than to presence of any other bacteria. But due to lower data of Pseudomonas spp., and Corynebacterium spp isolated from total samples, only Streptococcus spp. seemed to be ranked as abnormal in Pakistani Sahiwal cattle cows. Interestingly all those animals from where Corynebacterium spp. was isolated, were showing increased values both of MCV and HCT (Hematocrit) which is indicative of their pathogenic role in causing uterine infections.
On the basis of this study it can be modestly concluded that uterine microbial flora identification may serve as a better tool in assessing and foretelling the reproductive health status of the breeding animals. After necessary assessment, presence of any harmful microbial flora or pathogen can be effectively treated through either selecting an appropriate antibiotic by using culture sensitivity testing or by using any suitable bactericidal agent thereby help in boosting conception and pregnancy rates.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1293,T] (1).
2.
Characterization Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Escherichia Coli Recovered From Retail Chicken In Lahore
by Fayyaz Yasin | Dr. Ali AHmad Sheikh | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Escherichia coli is normal inhabitant of lower intestinal tract of all warm blooded animals. The background of drug resistant studies on E. coli represent that extensive and irrational use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary sector for treatment, prophylaxis and feed additive made this organism resistant to commonly used antimicrobials.
It is assumed that E. coli have the ability to transfer resistant genes via bacterial conjugation, transduction and transformation. As a result pathogenic organisms are also becoming resistant to commonly used antibiotics. And there is a need to check the extent of resistance to ensure the efficacy of antimicrobials used in public health.
The purpose of current study was to estimate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant E. coli in retailed chicken meat samples of Lahore city. In current study hundred chicken meat samples were collected from local market in various areas of Lahore.These samples were processed for isolation of generic E. coli. Initial confirmation of generic E. coliwas made using standard culturing and biochemical reactions. The prevalence rate of E. coli was found 85%. The antimicrobial resistance against in the E. coli isolates was determined by disk diffusion method. All the E. coli isolates were found resistant to at least seven antimicrobials and 34 different antimicrobial patterns were found.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1477,T] (1).
3.
Antibacterial Activity Of Herbal Extracts Against Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia Coli Recovered Form Retail
by Arfat | Dr. Ali Ahmad Sheikh | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Escherichia coli is normally present in lower part of intestinal tract of all warm blooded animals. The background of drug resistant studies on E. coli represents that extensive and irrational use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary sector for treatment, prophylaxis and feed additive made this organism resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. Retail chicken meat is one of the major sources of spread of MDR E. coli infections in humans.
The purpose of present study was to evaluate the prevalence of multi drug resistant E. coli recovered from retail chicken meat samples collected from various areas of Lahore city. Also study the effect of antibacterial activity of selected herbal extracts against isolated MDR E. coli. In current study 100 E. coli isolates were processed for isolation of generic E. coli. Identification of generic E. coli was made using standard culturing, biochemical reactions and confirmed through PCR. The recovery rate of E. coli was found 80% and multidrug resistant pattern in the E. coli isolates was determined using disk diffusion method. A total 73.86% of E. coli isolates were found resistant with at least three antimicrobials related to different groups.
Current study revealed the effectiveness of herbal extracts against MDR E. coli. Clove, cinnamon and mint have good antibacterial activity as compared to coriander, kalonji and garlic. Hence, these herbal extracts can be used as promising alternatives of antimicrobials against multiple drug resistant E. coli species.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1606,T] (1).
4.
Correlation Of Deifferent Managment Systems And Facilities Of Retail Milk Shops With That Of Microbial Load In Raw And Pasteurized Milk
by Faria kanwal | Prof. Dr. Masood rabbani | Dr. Ali ahmad sheikh | Dr.Wasim.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1953,T] (1).
5.
Comparative Study On Prevalence And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Of Extendedspectrum B- Lactamase
by Karam rasool | Prof. Dr. Masood rabbani | Dr. Ali ahmad sheikh | Dr. Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1992,T] (1).
6.
Antimicrobial Effect Of Various Herbs On Sore Throat Causing Antibiotic Resistant Bacterial Isolates
by Abida Mushtaque (2010-VA-298) | Dr. Ali Ahmad Sheikh | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Nasir .
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Sore throat or pharyngitis in childrenis mainly caused by group A (β-hemolytic) Streptococcus pyogenes. The bacterium transferred from infected person to susceptible one through coughing, sneezing and by direct contact. Irrational use of antibiotics to control sore throat infection results in development of antibiotics resistance. To overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance, various herbal extracts(Liquorice, ginger, cinnamon and red dates)are used which have known antimicrobial activity against these bacterial isolates.
In current study 70 throat swab samples were collected from Children Hospital, Lahore and processed to isolate and identify antibiotic resistant sore throat bacteria by swabbing on blood agar andTryptic soya agar.Initial identification was done using conventional biochemical tests and confirmation was done through API 20 Strep. Antibiotic resistance pattern in isolated bacteria was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusionas per CLSI,2014 criteria.Extracts (Ethanolic, boiling and distilled water) of herbs (Liquorice, ginger, cinnamon, red dates and kalonji) was obtained and tested for antimicrobial activity against resistant isolates. Efficacy of the herbal extracts was evaluated through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations. Ethanolic extracts of Liquorice, ginger, cinnamon and red dates have good antimicrobial activity against resistant sore throat bacterial isolates than boiling and distilled water extracts.
The present study demonstrated that S. pyogenes and Staphylococcus are major bacteria responsible for sore throat infection in children. These isolates have variety of different antibiotic resistance patterns. In order to minimize emergence of antibiotic resistant isolates, herbal extracts can be used.Ethanolic extracts of liquorice, ginger, cinnamon, red dates have good antibacterial activity as compared to kalonji. Statistical analysis showed that ethanolic extracts of Liquorice has a significant activity with ginger, cinnamon and red dates.The degree of antibacterial activity of plant extracts testedcan be graded in the following order: Liquorice> ginger>Cinnamon>red dates>kalonji. Itis estimated that by using natural products will reduce the resistance in microorganism.
Statistical analysis:
The data collected in MS Excel 2016 and analyzed statistically by one way Analysis of Variance using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 18.0 software.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2488-T] (1).
7.
Studies On Biological Control Of Salmonellosis In Poultry
by Kiran Imtiaz (2010-VA-296) | Dr. Ali Ahmad Sheikh | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Wasim Shehzad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Contaminated poultry food products are the main cause of Salmonellosis all over the
world. Salmonella may enter in different poultry farms through vertical or horizontal
transmission. Previously, Salmonella infection and number were controlled in poultry and
their products by using different methods such as usage of hazard analysis critical control
point (HACCP), antibiotics, symbiotics, etc. But not any method gives the better result that
shows the reduction of Salmonella species in poultry that cause infection. Therefore, the
attention was diverted to find the alternative therapies such as the usage of bacteriophage,
Bacteriophage specific to Salmonella used in reduction of Salmonella number as a biocontrol
agent in poultry origin. It proves effective for Salmonella reduction.
In the current study samples for isolation of Salmonella and bacteriophages were
collected. Salmonella was isolated from liver, caeca and lungs of infected chickens collected
from different infected poultry farms. After processing of sample according to the literature
method, confirmation of salmonella from samples were done by inoculating them separately
on S.S agar by streaking method. Further confirmation of Salmonella was done on the basis
of biochemical testing.
Bacteriophage was isolated from sewage water near to the poultry farms. For their
isolation, sewage sample was centrifuged and then supernatant was collected in separate tube.
Filtration was done of Supernatant, and then Filtrate was used as a bacteriophage source.
Bacteriophages in filtrate were confirmed by spot test method. After confirmation of both, in
vivo study was performed to evaluate the effect of bacteriophage on Salmonella when
inoculated in combination or separately in chickens groups.
51
Summary
Statistical analysis:
The data will be transferred on spreadsheet using MS Excel 2010. The data will be
analyzed through one way ANOVA test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)
version 18.0.
The present study was helpful to determine the effect of bacteriophage in reduction of
Salmonella in commercial broilers sector. Antibiotic resistant Salmonella infection is difficult
to control using conventional ways of antibiotic therapy and is responsible for huge economic
losses in poultry. Chicken groups that were used for invivo study showed that bacteriophage
was proved very effective in reduction of Salmonella either gives it in combination with
Salmonella or separately to poultry. It is predicted that bacteriophage therapy is better than
the conventional ways for reduction of Salmonella infection in poultry sector. It is essential
that the research should be continue to study the effect of bacteriophage in reduction of
specie specific Salmonella, and to determine the effect of different physicochemical factor on
their activity. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2511-T] (1).
8.
In Vitro Biological Control Of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli
by Aleena kokab (2011-VA-418) | Dr. Ali Ahmad Sheikh | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Waseem Shehzad.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) has meticulous virulence properties making it a
potential pathogen causing insidious infections in poultry, termed as colibacillosis either
as primary pathogen or as a secondary pathogen. All over the world, there are major
economic losses in poultry industry due to this disease. To prevent APEC infection,
strategies include improving hygienic methods, vaccination, antibiotic treatment and
introduction of novel immunopotentiators but all these measures had limited success.
Moreover, because of extensive use of antibiotics for treatment purposes, antibiotic
resistance is major growing concern. Bacteriophage therapy is promising new alternative
to antibiotics. There are many benefits of phages over antibiotics and are now used in
research for the treatment of enteric and respiratory problems in poultry and are proved to
be effective in reducing E.coli infection.
In present study bacteriophages was used to minimize and control the number of
E.coli causing colibacillosis in poultry. For this, E.coli (n = 10) from liver of infected
commercial poultry birds and E.coli (n = 5) from intestines of apparently healthy birds
was isolated and characterized using biochemical tests. Final confirmation of E.coli
isolates was done by PCR. To differentiate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic
E.coli, Congo Red Dye binding test (CR test) was performed. Antibiotic resistance
profiling of the isolates was also determined against 10 commonly used antibiotics
through Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.
For the isolation of bacteriophages, sewage or poultry sludge sample was
processed according to literature method and purified bacteriophages (n = 5) were
Summary
63
assessed for their stability at various temperature and pH. Bacteriophages were also
assessed for their In-Vitro Lytic Activity of against E. coli isolates.
Five numbers of lytic bacteriophages were isolated and purified against avian
pathogenic E.coli, showing resistance against Ampicillin, Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin,
Neomycin, Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, Nalidixic acid and Ceftriaxone. Isolates
were also classified into pathogenic and non-pathogenic on the basis of their ability to
bind Congo red dye on Congo red media. Phages were highly lytic against pathogenic
isolates while there was no lytic activity against non-pathogenic isolates thus making
them unique for in vivo trials. Phages were found to be stable at temperature from 25oC
to 56oC with highest stability at 37oC while on the basis of pH, phages were stable
between 5-9 pH with highest stability at pH 7. Maximum lytic activity observed was for
12 hours and then there was emergence of resistant bacteria and this problem may be
tackled by increasing MOI or by using combinations of phages against resistant bacteria.
Present study helped to reveal the effectiveness of bacteriophages against antibiotic
resistant E.coli and proved that bacteriophages can be used as promising alternatives to
antibiotics for reducing E.coli infection in poultry. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2829-T] (1).
